The types of fetal heart rate monitoring are:
External monitoring occurs on the outside of your abdomen. Your provider may do this using these manual or electronic devices:
Less often, providers monitor your baby inside your uterus. Your provider attaches a wire to your baby’s head to continuously track the heart rate. Providers use internal monitoring during labor and delivery only after your water has broken and when:
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In general, fetal heart rate monitoring is safe. But most experts believe that continuous monitoring isn’t necessary for pregnancies at low risk of complications.
Continuous electronic fetal monitoring can restrict your movement, which can be helpful during labor. It also increases the risk of an unnecessary cesarean section or delivery using a vacuum device or forceps.
Internal monitoring can increase the risk of:
Handheld Doppler fetal heart rate monitors are widely sold for at-home use. Compared with professional devices that provide detailed information about heart function, at-home models only measure heart rate.
Ultrasounds are safe if performed when they are medically necessary and by trained professionals. But under some circumstances, ultrasound technology can heat tissues and produce small bubbles in tissues. The FDA discourages the use of these devices because they:
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Mobile apps are also available for fetal heart rate monitoring. Some require the purchase of an accessory Doppler device. Others claim to use the built-in microphone on your mobile device to detect your baby’s heart rate.
A study of 22 apps that did not require a separate accessory found that none could detect the fetal heartbeat. Also, many apps provided false information in the description or failed to add a medical disclaimer.
Instead of fetal heart rate apps, a better way to monitor your baby is to track their movement. You should start to feel your baby move between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. Talk to your provider about using this method to check on your baby’s well-being.
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