Vitamin Bworks along with folate in many body processes, including increasing metabolic energy and red blood cell production, supporting mood regulation and cognitive function, up-regulating methylation, increasing DNA synthesis and repair, and supporting the formation of the protective myelin sheath, the insulating exterior that speeds up nerve cell transmission.
Most B12 supplements contain cyanocobalamin. In order for B12 to be utilized in the body, the liver must first remove the cyanide molecule and attach a methyl group to form methylcobalamin, the biologically active, tissue-ready form. Research has shown that methylcobalamin is more efficiently used and retained in the body than the cyanocobalamin form.
Because of its role in the production of cellular energy, vitamin B12 deficiency is often characterized by fatigue and weakness. Supplementation with methylcobalamin and 5-MTHF has been shown to promote increased energy levels. Both 5-MTHF and methylcobalamin are required to maintain optimal homocysteine balance, which is crucial for supporting arterial and cardiovascular health. In addition, 5-MTHF and methylcobalamin support healthy arterial blood flow by increasing nitric oxide production. Both are also required nutrients for the biosynthesis of melatonin-the hormone that helps induce sleep. Several studies have demonstrated that supplementation with methylcobalamin modulates melatonin secretion and helps to normalize the sleep-wake cycle.
Vitamin B12 has been shown to be beneficial for maintaining a positive mental outlook because it acts as a methyl donor and increases the synthesis of SAM-e, a nutrient that has powerful mood and sleep-cycle regulating properties. Because of its ability to increase the production of neurotransmitters and nerve cell transmission, B12 has also been shown to improve cognitive function.