A geo-grid is geosynthetic material used to reinforce soils and similar materials. They are commonly used to reinforce retaining walls, as well as subbases or subsoils below roads or structures. Soils pull apart under tension. Geo-grids are commonly made of polymer materials, such as polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene or polypropylene.
They may be woven or knitted from yarns, heat-welded from strips of material, or produced by punching a regular pattern of holes in sheets of material, then stretched into a grid. The geo-grids are manufactured high strength reinforcement grids that come in rolls of various sizes and strengths. The soil can strike through the apertures and the two materials interlock together to give composite behavior.
Manufacturing and functional mechanism of geogridsThere are three methods for manufacturing of geo-grids, each of them is explained below.
The desired reinforcement effect by the geo-grid is provided by a combination of the following mechanisms:
Geogrids are commonly made of polymer materials, such as polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene or polypropylene. They may be woven or knitted from yarns, heat-welded from strips of material, or produced by punching a regular pattern of holes in sheets of material, then stretched into a grid. There geogrid types can be categorized based on pattern and manufacturing.
Geogrids based on pattern-Geo-grids have been extensively used for the construction of earth-supported and earth-retaining structures such as mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls, steep slopes, and other structures. Its application areas include,
Geogrids for pavementsGeo-grid applications in pavement and roadway consist of subgrade improvement, reinforcing the base course, sub-base and surface courses. The outward displacement of railway ballast is arrested and the settlement is reduced when they are reinforced with geo-grids In soft subgrade, the stiffer geo-grids perform better than flexible geo-grids as the later quickly reacts to the applied load.
Geogrids for retaining wallGeo-grids are used for stabilizing the backfill in retaining walls. The stability of the earth retaining wall depends on the friction angle. Creep and stress relaxation properties affect the performance of geo-grids in a retaining wall. In the middle of the retaining wall high strength geo-grids must be provided or else the geo-grid reinforcement spacing must be reduced.
Geogrids for soil foundationBoth uniaxial and bi-axial geo-grids are commonly used in foundation works. The main condition to achieve good stability is the interlocking capacity of geo-grid and aggregates. The vibrations are well controlled by geocell reinforcement.
Geogrids for slope stabilizationThe geo-grid reinforcement in slope influences mainly the slope deformation and stability. The bearing capacity mainly depends on the length of the geo-grid. To achieve best performance the aperture size should be approximately equal to 0.2 times the width of the footing. Due to higher tensile strength and longer length, there is a downfall in the displacement of the earthen embankments and increase in the safety factor.
Geogrid for structural elementsIn structural components, the geo-grids are used as additional reinforcement and as shear reinforcement. To achieve good strength fibers like polypropylene and steel are used. The geo-grid reinforcement results in high ultimate load-bearing capacity], improved energy absorption and reduced slippage, shear and bond strength, reduced drying shrinkage and reduced degradation rate.
Other than these geo-grids are also used for Dewatering Drainage Filtration, Landfill and Environmental Barrier and Surfacing Reinforcement.
Read; The Differences: Geogrids and Geotextiles
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