2.3 Saw blade thickness, tooth type, and number of teeth selection
The size and thickness of the workpiece determine the thickness and number of teeth of the circular carbide saw blade. If the material is thin, the saw blade should be thin. And the number of teeth should be large to avoid material bending and burrs. If the material is thick, the saw blade should be thick. And the number of teeth should be small to avoid saw blade deflection, sticking, and tooth chipping. Generally speaking, the more the number of teeth, the more edges can cut in a unit of time. The cutting performance will better, too.
Yet, the more cutting teeth will need more cemented carbide, the price of the saw blade will be higher.
And when the teeth are too dense, the chip volume between the teeth will become smaller. It is easy to make the saw blade heat up. Besides, there are many saw teeth, when the feed amount is not correctly matched, the cutting amount of each tooth will be small. It will aggravate the friction between the cutting edge and the workpiece. And the service life of the cutting edge will be shorter. Usually, the tooth spacing is 15-25mm. We need to select a reasonable number of teeth according to the workpiece material.
Take the selection of saw blades in the woodworking industry as an example. Considering factors such as cost performance, wear resistance, and life span. Carbide saw blades are the first choice.
First of all, we need to choose the materials of the saw blade.
The popular types of cemented carbide for circular saw blades are tungsten-cobalt type (code YG) and tungsten-titanium type (code YT). Because tungsten carbide has better impact resistance. It is widely used in the wood processing industry. The popular used model in wood processing is YG8-YG15. The number after YG indicates the percentage of cobalt content. When the cobalt content increases, the impact, toughness, and flexural strength of the alloy will increase. But the hardness and wear resistance will decrease. Choose correct according to the actual situation
Secondly, we choose the tooth profile. Common tooth profiles include
Left and right teeth (alternating teeth). Trapezoidal flat teeth (high and low teeth). Inverted trapezoidal teeth (inverted cone teeth), dovetail teeth (hump teeth)
Here below we will talk in detail.
A: left and right teeth (alternating teeth): The left and right teeth are the most widely used. The cutting speed is fast, and the grinding is simple.
This kind of circular saw blade is suitable for cross-cut sawing of various materials.
Such as soft and hard solid wood profile. Density boards, multi-layer boards, particle boards, etc.
Equipped with anti-repulsion protection teeth, the left and right teeth are dovetail teeth. It is suitable for the longitudinal cutting of various tree-node boards.
Saw blades with negative rake angle left and right teeth are usually used for veneer sawing. Because their teeth are sharp and have good cutting quality.
B: trapezoidal flat teeth (high and low teeth)
The ladder flat tooth saw blade is a combination of both trapezoidal tooth and flat tooth. The grinding is more complicated. It can reduce the veneer cracking when sawing. And it is suitable for all kinds of single and double veneer wood-based panels. And fire-resistant boards. To prevent adhesion, aluminum saw blades often use ladder flat teeth with more teeth.
C: inverted trapezoidal teeth (inverted cone teeth)
Inverted ladder teeth saw blades are often used for bottom slot saw blades for panel saws. When sawing double veneer wood-based panels, the slot saw blade adjusts the thickness. Then it can complete the bottom grooving process. And then the main saw completes the board sawing process to prevent the saw edge from breaking the edge.
In summary, left and right teeth saw blade should be selected for sawing wood, particleboard, and dense board. It can sharply cut the wood fiber structure and make the incision smooth. To keep the bottom of the groove flat and grooved. It is better to use flat teeth or use left and right flat combined teeth. Ladder flat teeth are generally used for sawing veneers and fireproof boards. Because of the large cutting rate, the diameter and thickness of alloy saw blades are relatively large. The diameter is about 350-450mm and the thickness is between 4.0-4.8mm. Most of them are used. Ladder flat teeth to reduce chipping and saw marks.
D: dovetail teeth (hump teeth)
The left and right teeth equipped with anti-repulsion protection teeth are dovetail teeth. It is suitable for longitudinal cutting of all kinds of boards with tree nodes.
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