There are many different types of resistors.
Regarding the Resistor, this article will explain the information below.
Types of Resistors
Characteristics of each resistance (advantages and disadvantages, etc.)
There are many types of resistors, which can be classified mainly according to their characteristics and materials as shown in the figure above.
The resistors that are very inexpensive and most widely used are carbon film resistors. In addition, metal plate resistors with low resistance, high power (several watts), and small inductance are used to detect the current flowing in a circuit.
The following is a detailed explanation of each type of resistor.
Solid resistors are made by mixing carbon powder and resin.
Solid resistors are mainly used in circuits subject to high stress, such as power supply circuits because they can be made with high withstand voltage and high resistance.
However, they are not suitable for precision applications due to their poor accuracy. Solid resistors also have drawbacks in terms of cost and accuracy and are gradually being replaced by carbon film resistors.
Solid resistors are also called carbon composition resistors.
Advantages
High withstand voltage
andhigh resistance
can be made.parasitic inductance component
.Strong
and durable under transient conditions.ultra-compact resistors
such as 1/16W type.A wide range of resistance values
can be covered.Disadvantages
poor accuracy
.The Temperature coefficient is very large
, and the resistance value may increase significantly at extremely high temperatures.Carbon film resistors are resistors with a carbon film attached to a stable ceramic surface as a resistive element.
Carbon film resistors are most commonly used in resistors for low-power applications and are usually referred to as small resistors.
Resistance accuracy is generally ±5% (J) and ±10% (K), and the temperature coefficient is negative (resistance decreases with increasing temperature).
Advantages
very low cost
.A wide range of resistance values
can be covered.Disadvantages
poor temperature coefficient
.Current noise and frequency characteristics
are not good.Supplement
Metal film resistors are resistors that use a metallic material such as Ni-Cr (nickel-chromium) as a resistive element on a ceramic surface.
The appearance of metal film resistors is similar to that of carbon film resistors.
Advantages
smaller temperature coefficient
,less current noise
, andbetter accuracy
.A wide range of resistance accuracy options is available
, including ±5% (J), ±2% (G), ±1% (F), ±0.5% (D), ±0.25% (C), ±0.1% (B), and ±0.05% (A).Disadvantages
expensive
than carbon film resistors (about 2 to 3 times more expensive).Supplement
thick film type metal film resistors (made by heating and firing metallic paste)
" and "thin film type metal film resistors (made by depositing and coating metal)
". Among these two types, the thick-film type is the general-purpose metal film resistor. The thin-film type has higher accuracy (±0.05% in some cases) and lower temperature coefficient than the thick-film type but is more expensive than the thick-film type.Metal oxide film resistors are resistors that use a metal oxide such as tin oxide as a resistive element on a ceramic surface.
Since the film of metal oxide film resistors does not burn up due to heat, they are often used for medium power applications ranging from 1W to 5W.
Advantages
Low cost
relative to power resistance.Disadvantages
metal film resistors
.Supplement
Cermet film resistors are resistors made of a mixture of "metal oxides such as metals and ruthenium oxide" and "glass" sintered at high temperatures in alumina or ceramic.
Cermet film resistors are also called metal-glaze resistors.
Advantages
The Thick film is resistant to surges and pulses.
Excellent corrosion resistance
.safety
andenvironmental resistance
.Disadvantages
changes in resistance
.Metal plate resistors are resistors made by punching a metal resistive element into a bellows shape, attaching a lead, and sealing it in a ceramic case with cement resin.
Metal plate resistors are characterized by low resistance, high power (several W), and small inductance.
Advantages
high power (several W)
, andsmall inductance
. For this reason, they are used in current detection circuits.it does not burn
.Wire-wound resistors are resistors in which resistance wire (thin metal wire, manganese or nichrome wire, etc.) is wound around a ceramic bobbin or similar device.
Wire-wound resistors are characterized by their ability to provide high power (several W to several 100 W) at low resistance values.
Advantages
temperature coefficient
.current noise.
heat resistance
.Disadvantages
high-frequency characteristics
.Supplement
wire type
andnumber of windings
.those for power applications
andthose for precision applications
. Most of those generally available on the market are for power applications.non-inductive winding method
. However, even with non-inductive windings, it is safe to avoid using the product at high frequencies.ceramic cement resistors
, while those using metal cases are calledmetal clad resistors
.Ceramic cement resistors are resistors with improved heat and pressure resistance by placing wire-wound resistors or metal film resistors in a ceramic case and sealing them with cement.
Ceramic cement resistors are for high-power applications and are used when high-power resistance is required.
Advantages
insulating properties
.heat resistance
.Disadvantages
inductance component
. Therefore, care must be taken in high-frequency circuits.Supplement
When used at rated power, the resistor becomes very hot
. Therefore, care must be taken when mounting. It is necessary to control the temperature of the components (capacitors, etc.), wiring, and printed circuit board around the resistor.Metal-clad resistors are wire-wound resistors with a metal exterior. They are a type of wire-wound resistor.
Since metal-clad resistors are designed to carry a large current, some of them have thermal countermeasures such as heat sinks and heat dissipation fins.
Enamel Resistors are resistors with a ceramic core around which resistance wire is wound and enamel is baked to enhance heat resistance. They are a type of wire-wound resistor.
Some enamel resistors have the surface coating shaved off to expose the resistor wire, and the resistance value can be adjusted by attaching a slide fitting. These resistors are called vitreous enamel resistors.
Advantages
heat resistance
makes it suitable for handlinglarge amounts of power
.Disadvantages
inductance component
. Therefore, care must be taken in high-frequency circuits.Fusible resistors are resistors that function as ordinary resistors under normal conditions, and in abnormal conditions such as overload, the resistive element completely melts and interrupts the circuit current.
This is based on the phenomenon that the resistive element melts like a fuse at high temperatures. Structurally, it has the same structure as a metal oxide film resistor, but the exterior coating is flame-retardant to prevent the resistive element from burning.
Fusible resistors have a larger variation in response current and response time than fuses and thermal-fuse resistors.
Thermal-Fuse Resistors are mainly used to suppress the inrush current that flows when the power supply is turned on.
When the power supply is turned on, an inrush current protection circuit is connected between the power supply lines to suppress the inrush current flowing in the power supply lines. For this resistor, a wire-wound resistor with a large surge withstands capacity that can withstand the inrush current that flows when the power supply is turned on can be used.
Under normal conditions, turning on the switching device allows current to flow through the switching device. However, if the switching device malfunctions, current will continue to flow through the resistor, causing the resistor to heat up considerably. As a safety measure, a thermal fuse is integrated near the resistor. These components are called Thermal-Fuse Resistors.
Network resistors are resistors that combine multiple resistors on a single insulating substrate.
It is beginning to be widely used due to its advantages such as reduced number of parts, labor saving, and high density.
The characteristics of the resistors are the same as those of general thick-film resistors. There are various ways to connect multiple resistors, such as parallel, series, voltage divider, and independent.
Supplement
This article described the following information about "resistors".
Types of Resistors
Characteristics of each resistance (advantages and disadvantages, etc.)
Thank you for reading.