API intermediates are chemical compounds that are used to produce APIs. They’re not APIs themselves, but they play a part in building the final product. APIs are compounds or agents used as raw materials for formulating active pharmaceutical ingredients. They include amination, hydrogenation, alkoxylation, hydroformylation, electrochemistry, acetylene, and phosgene.
The API intermediates market is divided into four sections, each with its unique characteristics: product, intermediate type, therapeutic application, and geography. The market comprises chemical and biotech intermediates, including patent and non-patent intermediates. The therapeutic application may determine the kind of intermediate. Geographically, the market is analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America.
The most common types of API intermediates are:
Carbonyl compounds are organic compounds that contain a carbon double bond. They’re essential to many pharmaceuticals and plastics, rubbers, dyes, and more. For example:
Carbonyl compounds were the basis for the birth control pill (the first oral contraceptive).
Carbonyl groups can also be used to make plastic or rubber products like neoprene rubber or PVC plastics.
Chloro derivatives are used in the production of pharmaceuticals and chloroacetanilide, and chlorobenzenes. Chloro derivatives are also used in the production of chlorobenzene, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of other pharmaceutical drugs like thiabendazole (Thio-Tabs), and mebendazole (Mebenoxal), metronidazole (Flagyl).
Nitro compounds are used to produce dyes, explosives, and drugs. Nitrile derivatives are made by reacting an amine with a nitro or nitrile group.
Amines and imines are organic compounds that contain nitrogen.
Amine is a generic term for any compound containing a basic nitrogen atom. The names of amines are derived from their molecular structure and not their functional group (such as amino or imine). For example, ammonia (NH3) has an active amine group (-NH2).
Thiols are sulfur-containing compounds. They are used in the synthesis of drugs, dyes, and perfumes. Thiols are also used in the synthesis of polymers.
Thiols can be classified as primary or secondary alcohols having the structure R–S=O, where S is a thiol group such as disulfide or bisulfite esters (R is an alkyl group).
Acyl halides are organic compounds with the general formula RCOCl. They are typically prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acids with halogens (e.g., bromine, chlorine) in an aqueous solution.
An acid anhydride is a complex mixture of chemicals that reacts with other acids. The reaction occurs in the presence of water, producing a salt called an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
An application interface can be used to provide an end user with a wide range of functionality, including data retrieval and display, CRUD operations on structured objects (e.g., databases), and security checks/authentication. In addition to providing these functions, it also needs to support other functions such as selection criteria or filtering criteria; formatter strings; validation rules; sanitization routines; menus, or lists for selecting different options from within the application interface itself or from external sources if applicable (e.g., web services). The ability to perform these tasks is often referred to as “working with” an input or output parameter value rather than providing direct access simply because there is no physical connection between them!
API intermediates are a significant part of the synthetic chemical industry. They are the raw materials for a wide range of products, from pharmaceuticals to agricultural chemicals. These intermediates have been produced since the mid-19th century and continue to be used today in various applications. Also, learn about the Impact of Covid-19 on Pharmaceutical Intermediates here.
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