Effect of reverse osmosis and ultra-high-pressure homogenization on the composition and microstructure of sweet buttermilk

06 Jul.,2023

 

WithoutD4,30.51 ± 0.00a

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.47 ± 0.00b

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.34 ± 0.00c

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.27 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.42 ± 0.00e

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.37 ± 0.01f

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.28 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.25 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

D3,20.31 ± 0.00a

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.31 ± 0.00a,b

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.26 ± 0.00c

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.21 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.28 ± 0.00b,c

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.28 ± 0.01b,c,d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.22 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.18 ± 0.02d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

WithD4,30.68 ± 0.00a

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.65 ± 0.00b

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.52 ± 0.00c

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.37 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.62 ± 0.00e

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.61 ± 0.00f

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.41 ± 0.00g

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.31 ± 0.00h

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

D3,20.45 ± 0.00a

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.44 ± 0.00a

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.38 ± 0.00b

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.27 ± 0.00c

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.42 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.42 ± 0.00d

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.28 ± 0.00c

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

0.23 ± 0.00e

Significant difference indicated row-wise for samples with and without sodium citrate and for D4,3 and D3,2 independently. Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

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